Isle of Wight National Landscape

Visually, the National Landscape is dominated by chalk in the sharp upfold which forms both the island’s east-west backbone and southern expanse of wide green downs. On the north coast, the National Landscape includes the low soft cliffs, salt-marsh and mud-flats of the Hamstead Heritage Coast. In the south, the complex landscapes bounded by the Tennyson Heritage Coast range from sandy bays to high unstable sandstone and chalk cliffs, cut by wooded ‘chines’. This complexity gives rise to chalk downland, arable farmland, wooded dairy pasture, small areas of heathland and hay meadows, sea cliffs and creeks.

The National Landscape is of considerable scientific and ecological importance and includes exceptional flora-rich chalk grasslands, the north coast’s major estuarial habitats and the geologically notable southern cliffs and landslips.

A rural island, 80 per cent of its land area is devoted to agriculture with sheep rearing on the downs and cattle-rearing on the lower-lying land, together with significant areas of arable farming and forestry. Farming in the north retains its traditional pattern of woodlands, fields and hedgerows, a contrast with the open grazed downs.

The National Landscape, with a population less than 10,000, has few large settlements. It includes small resorts such as Freshwater Bay but skirts major resorts such as Sandown, Shanklin, Ventnor and Cowes which are major centres of coastal employment, in tourism and services.

The Isle of Wight is one of Britain’s longest established visitor destinations and includes seaside family resorts, caravan and holiday parks and the seasonal day trip influx on the Solent ferries. The island is also a popular yachting centre, focused on Cowes and Yarmouth. To encourage countryside tourism, the local authority has created seven long-distance trails and there is an extensive part of the King Charles III England Coastal Path to enjoy.